『靖康稗史』存疑

Abstract

This article examines the authenticity of the Jingkang baishi. The Jingkang baishi is an non-official history describing the period of the Jingkang Incident 靖康之變 in which the Northern Song dynasty was overthrown by the Jin dynasty, and it is said to have been compiled by a person named Naian 耐庵 in the end of the Southern Song dynasty. However, it has not been confirmed that the Jingkang baishi existed in China during the period from the Song to the end of the Qing period. On the basis of the preface, it is assumed to have been handed down on the Korean peninsula from the Yuan period and then returned to China at the end of the Qing, but no trace of its introduction on the Korean peninsula has been confirmed. Based on the above circumstances, the first section of this article begins my argument by confirming that the history of the Jingkang baishi is unclear in several respects. Then, in sections 2 and 3, I note that the Jingkang baishi is divided into different parts, including the Xuanhe yisi fengshi Jinguo xingchenglu 宣和乙巳奉使金國行程錄 (hereafter Xingchenglu), and I clarify that each part has problems as a text. Specifically, in section 2, I compare the text of the Xingchenglu included in the Jingkang baishi with the versions included in the Dajin Guozhi 大金國志, the Sanchao beimeng huibian 三朝北盟會編, and the Yuan version of the Sanchao Beimeng huibian 袁本三朝北盟會編. I show that the Jingkang baishi text is very close to the Yuan version of the Sanchao Beimeng huibian. As for the relationship between these two, the result of my analysis shows that the Yuan version of the Sanchao Beimeng huibian must be earlier, and so it is clear that the Xingchenglu included in the Jingkang baishi was completed at the end of Qing. In section 3, I confirm that in many cases non-Chinese titles, personal names, and place names were transcribed using Chinese characters that were widely changed in accordance with the compilation of the Siku Quanshu 四庫全書 during the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty found in other texts were used the Xingchenglu in the Jingkang baishi. Therefore, I point out that it would be impossible for the Jingkang baishi to have been handed down on the Korean peninsula during the period from the Yuan Dynasty to the end of Qing as has been claimed. Based on the above examination, I conclude that the Jingkang baishi is highly likely to be a forgery written in the end of the Qing dynasty. And, given the fact that the Jingkang baishi appeared at the end of the Qing dynasty and that it dealt with the Jingkang Incident, a theme that inciting hostility against the Jurchens, I hypothesize that the work was fabricated for the purpose of promoting anti-Manchu sentiment.