<原著>組織培養法による移植免疫の研究

Abstract

Transplantation immunity is the most important problem in tissue transplantation, but since it is very difficult to comprehend this by conventional immunological approaches, various points still remain unknown with respect to its cause and mechanism. Recently, Terasaki, Granger, Vainio, and Wilson have investigated the transplantation immunity reaction using a tissue culture method, and have obtained notable, but not quite satisfactory results. The author cultured target cells primarily from the donor tissue and made these cause an immunological reaction by adding serum or spleen cells from the recipient. The morphological changes brought about in these target culture cells were then examined. Part I describes the immunoreaction due to active sensitization between xenogeneic animals, while Parts II and III, discuss xeno- and allo-transplantation. In studying immunoreactions in cell cultures, one must minimize non-specific reactions. By culturing the donor tissue beforehand in serum from the recipient obtained before sensitization or transplantation, the author tried to observe the transplantation immunoreaction alone in its pure form. The results thus obtained, interpreted and summarized by the author, are as follows : 1) An almost similar kind and degree of immunoreaction is observed in active sensitization and xeno-transplantation between xenogeneic animals. That is, when the serum derived from the xeno-sensitized animal or xeno-grafted recipient is added to the target culture cells from the donor, cell division is inhibited, and abnormal chromosomes are observed. The changes observed in the culture cells are diminution, deformity, and overstaining of the nuclei, and turbidity, over-staining, and deformity of the cytoplasm. 2) The target culture cells from the donor are damaged in various ways by the spleen cells of the xeno-sensitized animals or xeno-grafted recipient, and show decreased frequency of division, deformity and pyknosis of the nuclei and overstaining of the cytoplasm. The changes, however, are slighter than when humoral antibody is added. On the other hand, the added recipient spleen cells aggregate around the target culture cells specifically and are destroyed. 3) In allo-transplantations in rabbits also, the target culture cells are clearly damaged by the recipient serum. That is, the frequency of cell division of the target cells decreases to less than a half; vacuolization, turbidity, deformity are observed in the cytoplasma; and the nuclear membrane and nuclear structures are overstained. 4) In allo-transplantations in rabbits, the damage to the target culture cells from the donor caused by recipient spleen cells is even greater than that caused by serum. The cytoplasm is turbid, but the nuclei suffer more severe changes, and pyknosis is observed. On the other hand, the added recipient spleen cells aggregate around the target culture cells from the donor specifically and are destroyed. 5) In the immunoreaction of xeno-sensitization, xeno-transplantation, and allo-transplantation, cellular damage due to cell-bound antibodies is most severe in the nuclei, appearing mainly as pyknosis. On the other hand, cellular damage due to humoral antibody appears to the same degree in the nucleus and cytoplasm, or is greater in the cytoplasm. This seems to suggest that the mechanism or site of action of humoral antibody and cellular antibody is different. 6) The location of the antibodies in sensitized lymphoid cells which play an important role in cell-bound antibody reactions is still open to question, but the fact that when spleen cells were added there was an unevenness in the distribution of cells showing cellular damage and the added spleen cells were frequently destroyed specifically, and the fact that there was a difference in the location of the cellular damage caused by the two antibodies suggest that the antibodies are located inside the lymphoid cell. If they are located on the surface of the cell membrane, t