スハルト体制崩壊後のインドネシア政治エリート : 1999年総選挙による国会議員とはどのような人たちか

Abstract

In June 1999, one year after the end of the Soeharto regime, Indonesia held its most liberal election in 32 years to elect representatives to national and local parliaments for the 1999-2004 term. Those elected to representative bodies are now some of the most important figures in Indonesian politics, in constrast to the powerlessness of these bodies during Soeharto's authoritarian rule. This essay focuses who was elected to the People's Representative Council (Dewar Perwakilan Rakyat: DPR), analyzing their characteristics in terms of social and cultural background. Through an analysis of DPR member profiles--including name, sex, year of birth, place of birth, religion, ethnicity, academic background, business career, social and political activity, family background, and so on--this essay identifies six common characteristics of the 1999-2004 DPR members. First, more than 90% are male. Second, 64% won their election in the constituency that includes their place of birth. Third, they have high levels of academic achievement. Fourth, their professional backgrounds are mostly as businessmen, scholars, government officials, secular teachers, religious teachers, journalists, and lawyers. Fifth, one half had prior experience in a national or local parliament before the 1999 election. But, finally, less than 10% have a family background in politics, such as a father who was a DPR member. This essay also illuminates some differences among DPR members in age, religion, ethnicity, academic background, business career, political career, and social and political activities, according to the political party to which they belong.