ベトナムの農業政策・食糧需給の展開過程と将来展望

Abstract

Changes and Characteristics of food demand and supply and food policy and their relations with the war, economy and institutions in Vietnam during the past 50 years are described in this paper mainly by the economics approach based on the author's past research on South Vietnam's rice economy and policy, English publications and statistics. The war has been an important factor to influence Vietnam's agriculture and food demand and supply. But it is found that an institutional change has been much greater cause of changes in agriculture and food demand and supply in Vietnam. The change is a shift of economic system from the planned directive economic system to the market economy that is called "renovation" in Vietnam started in 1988. Before the unification of Vietnam, the planned economy system has been strengthened in North Vietnam, and this has depressed the incentive of laborers in the enlarged agricultural communes, depressed agricultural production and worsened food problem as described in the recent English publications in Vietnam. After the unification in 1975, planned economy system was enforced in southern Vietnam with the similar results. The food shortage situation had reached to politically unacceptable level in the middle of 80's in Vietnam.