戦後東ドイツにおける土地改革・集団化と難民問題

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explain the social process from the land reform to the collectivization in East German agriculture, especially on the viewpoint of the refugees-problem which has been neglected in the orthodox description of DDR history till 1989. The refugees in East Germany after the war were almost located in rural area. The native, however, accepted them as new "fremde Saisonarbeiter" (strange seasonal farm workers), who followed the foreign forced laborers during W.W. II. Another Part of the refugees became "Neubauer" (New Farmer) as the result of the land reform. We must attach much more importance to the fact that the estimated half of the new farmers were from refugees. The difficulties in managing new farms after the land reform was concentrated especially on refugefarmers, which caused a serious agricultural problem that most of new farmers gave up their management and allowed the land uncultivated. This paper shows that the early stage collectivization in 1950s has a socioeconomical phase as a solution of this problem. On the other hand the collectivization had the purpose of integrating the refugees as the seasonal farm workers to the new social system in the village. They had the possibility of becoming the "cooperative farmer" as well as the native.