ミャンマーの食料需給・政策の問題点と解決策

Abstract

In this paper, characteristics of demand and supply for major cereals and pulses in Myanmar are first identified. Secondly, changes in the agricultural policies and institutions during past four decades in Myanmar are described. Finally, technological, institutional and policy constraints for increasing the supply of these major cereals and pulses are identified and the measures to relax these constraints are investigated. For rice, severe shortage situation in Myanmar has continued under the strong government interventions into rice market during the last four decades. On the rice supply side, it was found that increase in the chemical fertilizer availability affects strongly the increase in rice supply. Production of pulses is next to rice in Myanmar. Their production increased very much in the Delta region as the second crops from the 80's, and their export increased greatly during the 90's. It was stated by the government that from 1988 liberalization and introduction of market economy have been started. But in reality they have not executed very much. Food supply system has been controlled strongly by the government, and this control has restricted increase in food supply in Myanmar. True liberalization of food production and marketing is found to be the best measure to solve food shortage problem.