中国における耕地減少と土地政策の新展開

Abstract

In China, government and Mass Media usually praise the success of agricultural production using a word that more than 20 percent population are fed in China with only 7 percent of arable land of the world. This word, however, has also signified the situation of insufficiency of land resource in the country. Indeed, according to the State Statistical Bureau of China, the total arable land has decreased 12 percent from 108 million hectors in 1952 to 95 million hectors in 1996 now, and per-capital arable land did 58 percent in same period. In this paper, we first review the quantitative decrease of arable land; and discuss the authenticity and background of this decrease; then survey the new development of land policy, such as policies of farmland protection from industrialization and urbanization and new systems for the paid use of state-owned land, after the economic reforms.