中国農業における家族経営とファームサービス事業体の中間組織

Abstract

The household responsibility system has been adopted since 1980 in rural China. But this system doesn't stand for the creation of independent self-completed family farms. Agricultural production is boar by not only family farms but also farm service suppliers. The system managed by the collaboration between these two parties can be understood as quasi-internal organization. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual situation of China's rural quasi-internal organization, based on some case studies of Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Hunan, and Guizhou Provinces. This paper is summarized as follows. First, farm services are mainly provided by the village-level cooperative economy organization under the support of public sector. This organization is founded on the basis of the administrative village unit, so that farm services are allocated among farmers under the control of village administrative power. Second, as for supply of machinery services, the custom work of private contractor prevails among farmers. This situation can be understood as the establishment of machinery service market. Third, the special purpose society in which members are linked loosely plays an important role in the field of extension service. Even though this society is organized voluntarily, it is founded under the leadership of administration. It is concluded that China's rural quasi-internal organization is still mainly led by administrative power in spite of establishment of markets.