農家家計費の計量分析 : ストーン・モデルの適用

Abstract

In this paper an econometric analysis of household expenditure of farm households with an emphasis on the consistency between expenditure categories is done. Expenditure function or demand function to be used for the household expenditure analysis must satistfy the following four conditions: (1) additivity, (2) homogeneity, (3) symmetry, (4) all the income elasticities do not take the value of one at the same time. R. Stone presented a linear expenditure system which meets all of these four conditions. The Stone model is applied to the household expenditure data, which is divided into five categories, of farm households and of non-farm households for the period of 1965--1979, and the major results are as follows: 1) The Stone model fits very well to the data. 2) The predicted per capita consumption quantity at average income level of the farm households surpasses it of non-farm households by 10. 7%. This tendency is greatest in the case of the miscellaneous expenditure category. 3) The basic consumption of farm households is only 63. 6% of it of non-farm households, and this share is also smallest in the case of the miscellaneous expenditure category. 4) The basic consumption .is 94. 6% of the predicted' consumption for non-farm households, but this share is only 55.3% for farm households and is 29.9% in the case of the farm households' miscellaneous expenditure category. 5) The shares of 71.1% and 10.6% of the supernumerary income of farm households are spent for the miscellaneous and the food expenditure categories respectively. These shares for non-farm households are 60.4% and 14.6% respectively. 6) Income elasticity of food expenditure category is 0.3858 for farm and 0.4422 for non-farm households, and that category has the property of necessary goods. These elasticities for miscellaneous expenditure category are 1.5298 and 1.4227 respectively, and this category has the characteristic of luxurious goods. 7) All the own price elasticities are less than one, and the elasticity for the miscellaneous expenditure category has the largest value between categories. Farm households' own price elasticities are higher than those for non-farm households. 8) Farm households' elasticities of substitution between expenditure categories are greater than those of non-farm households' elasticities. These elasticities for farm households are greater between miscellaneous and the other expenditure categories than between other expenditure categories.