発展途上国の農村振興における地方自治体の役割の重要性とその財政実態の分析 : バングラデシュ東南部2農村の事例によって

Abstract

In this paper discussions are made on the approaches of rural development in a developing country explaining the following four points: (1) the functions which a local government should take up for rural development, (2) the activities which are actualy beeing supported by the local government in the development process, (3) the criteria for analizing a local government financial allocation for its rural development, (4) the existing situation of a local government financial resources: in supporting its rural develpment. Both theoretical and empirical studids are made to forementioned points. The points (1) and (3) are studied theoretically whereas empirical analysis is made on (2) and (4). The data of two local government in Bangladeshis used for empirical studies. The results of theoretical studies showed the most important functions of a local government for the rural development were as follows : (a) to prepare rural development plan siutable to the locality, (b) to make an effort to support actions of the people in making plan, (c) to surge peoples' conciousness to operate and implement the development plan selected by themselves, (d) to develop the masses activities to act and to suppert their actions in line with a purpose of established plan of rural development, such as agricultural and industrial education, supply of inputs both for agricultural and industrial purpose, supply of loans, supply of other materials for living purpose, etc, (e) to provide with the regional public equipment in line with the established rural development plan. The result of empirical analysis of two local governments in Bangladesh showed the similar functions that were carried out by abovementioned theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, as a result of theoretical analysis the most important analytical indicators of a local government financial suppot are as follows : (i) per capita annual total financial expenditure, (ii) per capita annual total financial rural development expenditure, (iii) percentage of each component expenditure of the total rural development expenditure, (iv) per capita amount of each component of annual expendituve. Based on the analysis by forementioned indicators, especially (ii) and (iii), existing conditions of local government financial support for rural development were proper concerning the allocation of expenditure among components, in Bangladesh. However, especially based on the indicators (i) (iv), situation were not always good concerning the financial amount for supporting rural development.