農業経営部門組織の展開メカニズム

Abstract

The enterprise organization of farm business is basically determined by the farmer's subjective equilibrium based on the consideration of locational, specializing, and diversifying factors. Recently the diversifying factor has been relatively underestimated, because the specialization of enterprise organization accompanied by the expansion of farm size has resulted in the increase of farm profit due to the scale economies and cutting off the transaction cost, in spite of the decrease of farm expenses by the enterprise diversification. However, the serious problem of pollution is taking place in food and water as well as the destruction of natural environments. The complementary and supplementary organization of farm enterprise such as the organic farming and less-chemicals farming are among the most effective ways to solve these problems. Policy of controlling rice production has enforced diversification of farm enterprise which utilized paddy field. The private profitability was supported by the subsidy. Various kinds of direct sale of farm products and services as well as organic farming have also stimulated such diversification of farm enterprise. The diversification of enterprise organization may decrease farm profit at the present situation. Hence, the government policy should better subsidize to compensate farmers' sacrifices of bringing public benefit to the nation such as the preservation of natural environments, while the farmers should make efforts to adopt various innovations in production, marketing, and cooperative organization in order to increase the long-term private profit together with the public benefit accompanied by the optimum organization of farm enterprise.