オーストラリア米作地域における産業連関構造と米作からの経済波及効果

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the Input-Output Structure in the rice growing area in Australia and to measure the total impacts of the rice growing on the regional economy as a whole. The rice industry is a minor sector in Australian economy. Its share in total agricultural output is only 1.6%. However, more than 90% of the total rice growing in Australia has concentrated in the Riverina area i.e. the southern plains region of the State of New South Wales. Moreover, the substantial percentage of the rice production has been exported. Therefore, the rice industry is one of the most promising agricultural sector in Australia in the future. So, it is fruitful to discuss on the direct and indirect effects of this sector on the economy as a whole. The methodology used is the Input-Output table of the rice growing area of the state of New South Wales in Australia. This regional Input-Output table consists of 27 endogenous sectors and 6 exogenous sectors. The endogenous sectors are 18 original sectors (animal industries, other agriculture, forestry & fishing, mining, food manufacturing, wood & paper manufacturing, machinery & appliances, metal products, non-metalic manufacturing, other manufacturing, electricity, gas & water, building & construction, trade, transportation & communication, finance, public administration, community services and entertainment) and 9 rice-industry sectors (rice growing, rice paddy handling, rice processing, rice distribution & marketing, rice wholesale/retail margins, rice by- product, water supply, rice extension, rice research). The exogenous sectors contain 3 value added sectors (i.e. household income, other value added and import) and 3 final demand sectors (i.e. household consumption, investment and export). The main results are as follows. Among the endogenous sectors, the value added coefficients are high in the rice research sector (0.930), transportation & communication sector (0.909), machinery & equipment sector (0.892) and low in the rice processing sector (0.186), rice by-products sector (0.194) and food manufacturing sector (0.285). The influence coefficients are high in the rice by-products sector (1.889), rice processing sector (1.580) and food manufacturing sector (1.511), and low in the rice research sector (0.812), transportation & communication sector (0.832) and machinery & equipment sector (0.844). The response coefficients are high in the commerce sector (1.764), transportation & communication sector (1.739) and rice growing sector (1.661), and low in the rice distribution sector (0.751), rice margin sector (0.751) and rice extension sector (0.752). The multiplier effects per unit sale in the rice industry are 1.659, 0.541 and 0.045 for output, income and employment, respectively.