マライ・ポリネシア語族におけるブリ語(ハルマヘラ島)の系統

Abstract

Although the languages of South Halmahera in Indonesia have usually been classified into the South-Halmahera-West New Guinea group of the Indonesian languages, it was not based on the reliable comparative investigation. For the purpose of determining the genealogical relationship of these languages, by comparing Bulinese, whose Wordlist (1940) and Grammar (1951) were published by the missionary Maan, with Dempwolff's reconstructed Proto-Austronesian phonemes (1938), the author is come to a conclusion that Bulinese is a <<langue a double couche>> in which the Polynesian elements form the substratum on which the Indonesian elements superimposed. Considering Dempwolff's suggestion that the Polynesian languages differ from the others in point of the unificatoin of Proto-Austronesian l and l with d and d, the Polynesian elements in Bulinese come out as follows : *lima^(>lim "five", *labu^("fringe">lapo "hem", *dəŋəɤ>loŋa "to hear", *daləm>lolo "interior". But on the one side : laŋit>laŋit "sky", lamay>rame "to be lively", dagaŋ "foreign merchant">dagan "to trade", *dayuŋ>dau "to row". It is evident that the latter phonemic changes prove the new Indonesian elements. On the grammatical phenomenon as well, especially on the usage of possessive pronouns, Bulinese seems to maintain the Polynesian feature. Though in Bulinese there exist three types of possessive pronouns, two of them are made by personal morphemes+genitive particles ni and na : yanik ^(eba^(i "my house", yanak piŋe "my rice". Such construction as uses genitive particles would not be observed either in the Indonesian languages or in the Melanesian languages. These ni and na seem to be equivalent to the Polynesian genitive particles ο and α from the point of view of its function. Probably being affected also by the so called non-Austronesian languages of North Halmahera, Bulinese has been formed through such interactions between the above-mentioned two languages.