バングラデシュにおける農村開発の基本的政策と農協の役割(<特集>バングラデシュの農業と農村)

Abstract

Bangladesh has adopted a number of policies for rural development (economic and social development) since gaining independence in 1971. However, rural people only began seeing the fruits of these efforts in the 1980s, when many improvements were made in the methods of implementation of these policies. Against this background, this paper has the following six objectives. 1. To arrange systematically the issues underlying the policies for rural development in the 1970s and in the 1980s. 2. To arrange these policies and summarize the principal ones. 3. To analyze and evaluate the methods of implementation of these policies. 4. To analyze and evaluate the activities of comprehensive cooperatives. In the 1980s, the activities of the comprehensive cooperative system began to be rated highly from the rural development point of view, and the Comprehensive Village Cooperative system and Central Cooperative Association system, based on county, were adopted as important methods of implementation of these policies. 5. To present a system of strategies for rural development in the future. 6. From the viewpoint of such strategies, to develop a comprehensive cooperative system for the future. In Bangladesh, the key words for rural development in the future will be the following : rural people's strong will to work; rural people's ability; rural people's skill; rice; vegetables; livestock; high-yielding varieties; prices of village products; irrigation; roads; information; supply of loans; education and trainning; and village leaders. The Integrated Rural Development Program, in which the Comprehensive Village Cooperatives and Central Cooperative Association mainly participate and which has become popular in the 1980s, will still be rated highly as a method of policy implementation for rural development in the future in Bangladesh. However, the activities of comprehensive cooperative, especially a Comprehensive Village Cooperative, depend primarily on its manager, who is also the most important leader in the village. Panchkitta, analyzed in this paper, is today the most developed village in Bangladesh. The development of the village has been closely related to the development of a village comprehensive cooperative and the manager of the cooperative.