あるポンドック(寄宿宗教塾)の変容1971-1992 : 避難所としての存続

Abstract

In traditional Malay society, the pondok was a place where young students gathered to study Islam, living in residential huts which they built around the house of a guru (religious teacher). The introduction of the modern education system was a challenge to this traditional institution. Some well-known pondok reorganized their curriculum to make it more systematic and improved their dormitory facilities. Smaller and less popular pondok accepted more old people as residents. Such changes were already apparent when the first survey was conducted in 1971, focusing on a pondok in Pasir Mas District. A follow-up survey after 21 years revealed that pondok have survived in Kelantan by diversifying and dividing their functions between major and minor pondok. A follow-up survey in a particular minor pondok suggested that one of the additional functions of the pondok institution is to provide a place of refuge for people in need. Thus, such people as handicapped women and divorcees chose this pondok as a place of temporary residence. The observed changes in pondok confirm that religious institutions, once established, persist by modifying their functions and do not easily decline.