国民統合と教育 : マレーシア・サバ州・N小学校の変容をめぐって

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the roles played by school education in the process of national integration. Special reference is made to N Primary School, which is located in one of the farthest villages from Kuala Lumpur. Between my first visit to N Primary School in 1973 and my second visit in 1991, two kinds of transformation are apparent in the intervening 18 years of development of this school : Malaysianization and Islamization. The process of national integration in school activities can be seen not only in the revisions of educational policy and the national curriculum but also in such small changes as in school uniform and the layout of the classroom. The dynamics of Islamization can be also recognized not only in the teaching of "Islamic Education" but also in such minor considerations such as the pasting on walls of notices about Al Qur'an. In this sense the school can be called "a tool of national integration." All the pupils and teachers except one teacher of N Primary School are Kadazans, speaking the Kadazan language and maintaining the traditional Kadazan culture. For this reason, conflict between national identity and minority identity poses one of the most serious and important problems in N Primary School.