マカッサル人の山村における文化生態系の動態 : インドネシア共和国南スラウェシ州における治山プロジェクトの影響

Abstract

In the mountainous "Gantarang" region inhabited by the Makassar people, the upper classes living at the foot of the palace had monopolized rainfed rice fields and sugar palm communities, while the commoners, who were shifting cultivators, had produced maize on the slopes of the mountains around the upper classes' villages. From the 1970s, the commoners began to settle down and make colonies on the middle mountain slopes in consequence of strong prohibition of shifting cultivation due to pine plantation projects by the government. As a result, in the late 1980s when the watershed management project was inaugurated in cooperation with JICA, slash-and-burn agriculture and firing for grazing had vanished. Since the implementation of the project, the upper classes have been earning considerable amounts of cash income as wage laborers for the various activities of the project, and the commoners have been diversifying their income sources, stimulated by construction and improvement of the road network. Organizational aspects of the culture show signs of changes under the influence of the project. The project's effects, however, have not reached the ideological aspects of the culture.