改宗と抵抗 : マレーシアのオラン・アスリ社会におけるイスラーム化をめぐる一考察(<特集>東南アジアにおけるイスラーム)

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze Islamization among the Orang Asli and their response. Since the 1980s, the Muslim population of the Orang Asli has increased as a result of the Malaysian government's Islamization policy. On the other hand, this Islamization has brought about various social conflicts in the Orang Asli community. In community, resistance to Islamization is regarded as opposition to governmental policy. The local Orang Asli community is divided into two groups : Muslims and non-Muslims. Any social conflict between the Muslim Orang Asli and the non-Muslim Orang Asli has been transformed into a political conflict between the non-Muslim Orang Asli and the government, because the government tends to support the Muslim Orang Asli. This article provides ethnographical data about a case of divorce on the grounds of conversion to Islam of one of the spouses, and then examines the effect of Islamization among the Orang Asli. After examination of the historical process of Islamization and analysis of the Islamic converts, it is concluded that, under the government's Islamization policy, the Orang Asli have to choose between opposing measures, "conversion" and "resistance, " which might symbolize their present situation.