北アジア世界における國家の類型

Abstract

North Asia - Manchuria, Mongolia and Zungalia - is adjacent to East Asia, of which China is the central part. In this dissertation I have pointed out that North Asia has a regional character quite different from that of East Asia, forming a distinct cultural circle of its own. The formation of the historical world of North Asia began with the founding of the Hun 匈奴 Empire at the end of the 3rd century B. C.; and in the following periods such empires as Hsien-pei 鮮卑, Jou-jan 柔然, T'uchiieh 突厥, Hui-he 回紇, and such dynasties as Liao 遼, Chin 金, Yuan 元, and Ch'ing 清 rose successively. Looking over these nations, we can divide them into two types; that is, the type of the nomadic empire and that of the conquering dynasty. When we investigate their historical characters, we can enumerate the five empires, from the Hun Empire to the Hui-he Empire (3rd century B. C. - 9th century A. D.), as in the category of nomadic empire, and the four dynasties, from the Liao Dynasty to the Ch'ing Dynasty (10th century - 20th century A. D.), as in the category of conquering dynasty. We can recognize a sequence of historical development among these nations, divided into the nomadic empire type and the conquering dynasty type. From the periodical standpoint, we can describe them as follows: the period of nomadic empires is considered as the ancient age of North Asia, and the Liao Dynasty, which dated from the 10th century, with its following conquering dynasties, is considered as the middle age. The modern age of the world of North Asia is considered to have begun in the period of the movement of independence (1911-21) in North Mongolia.