現代イスラーム金融研究のための分析枠組み--理論と実践の学際的総合をめざして

Abstract

Since the 1970s, Islamic financial institutions have grown rapidly and spread widely, now numbering over 300, and operating in 50 countries. The contemporary Islamic financial system consists of both Islamic financial instruments in pre-modern era and innovative elements that conform with contemporary economic situations. As a result, controversial issues have arisen both in theory and in practice concerning how Islamic financial institutions construct and operate their financial services and activities. Contemporary Islamic financial studies focus on such issues by various analytical approaches, but such approaches don't appear to grasp fully the diversity of the practices in Islamic financial institutions worldwide. This paper provides an analytical framework for contemporary Islamic financial studies in order to grasp such diversity. The framework involves analysis of three factors: 1. Conformity of theory and practice in each Islamic financial institution with Islamic law (fiqh). 2. Extent of achievement of economic rationality measured by both profitability and efficiency. 3. Characteristics of the region where an Islamic financial institution is operating. By examining the process of co-ordination of these three factors in Islamic financial Institutions, I conclude that the analytical framework enables us to describe the diversity of the practices in Islamic financial institutions. Furthermore, I suggest that this analytical framework is a benchmark for exploring the peculiar concept of economy in Islam.