口承史からみた越境経験と交易の変容--中緬泰国境を渡った在タイ雲南系ムスリム移民の展開

Abstract

Along the border of northern Thailand, there exist Yunnanese Muslim migrants' communities. In China, Yunnanese Muslims are referred to as Hui. Despite the heterogeneity of Yunnanese Muslim society, little attention has been paid to the variation of migratory patterns and the factors which pushed migrants to settle in northern Thailand. This paper will focus on the migratory history of the Yunnanese Muslims from the middle of the nineteenth century to the latter half of the twentieth century based on oral histories gathered through intensive fi eldwork, in relation to their transformation of the trans-border trade between Yunnan province and northern Thailand. Before the middle of the twentieth century, only a small number of Yunnanese Muslims lived in northern Thailand, most of whom were engaged in trans-border trade. They normally went to Thailand in the dry season, carrying hand-woven cottons, felts, silks, medicines, and household goods from Yunnan and returning home with ivory and traditional medicines, such as pilose antlers and bear gall bladders. Enriched by the fl ourishing trade, the Yunnanese Muslims built two mosques in the city of Chiang Mai in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Ban Ho mosque and Chang Phuek mosque. However, in the interviews I found that the Yunnanese Muslims who had settled as traders before the middle of the twentieth century accounted for only small portion of the present population in this area. Rather, most of them settled there after the latter half of the twentieth century. The reasons for migration changed drastically due to the civil turmoil in China, KMT (Kuomintang) aggression and socio-political instability in Burma. These factors also infl uenced their way of living, especially trade.