長江流域における洪水対策の現況

Abstract

1998年, 中国の華中部および東北部において大きい洪水が発生し, 1949年の建国以来最大の被害をもたらした.洪水防御策としてこれまではおもに築堤や堤防強化といったハード的対策がとられてきた.本報では, 長江流域におけるそれらの洪水防御策の現状を概観し, 問題点を論ずる。また, 米国や日本における洪水防御策, とくに構造的方法および非構造的方法からなる総合的治水対策が, 長江流域にも適用可能かどうかを考察するとともに, それに基づいて現在とるべき対策を提案する.

The 1998 flood attacked Central and Northeast China and caused the most serious flood damage, which is estimated as the biggest one since the foundation of China in 1949. To enhance the flood control of major rivers and lakes, structural measures, such as constructing and consolidating river levees, are emphasized as the measures taken in previous flood damage years. Through brief description and analysis to current flood control measures in the Yangtze River Basin, some problems concerned are presented. Since the United States and Japan have successful experiences on flood control, their measures concerning comprehensive flood control including structural and non-structural measures are introduced. Consequently, the feasibility to implement such measures in the Yangtze River Basin is discussed and some significant measures, which can be taken at present, are proposed.