ロシア所蔵ウイグル語断片の研究3 : 1.ウイグル文『大乗法苑義林章』2.ウイグル文字音写された漢文「礼懺文」3.『天地八陽神呪経』の漢字「難字音注」とウイグル文「九悪業」

Abstract

In this paper we research three sorts of Uighur fragments which are kept at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute for Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The first of the three sorts is the Uighur version of 大乗法苑義林章 da cheng fa yuan yi lin zhang (Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 45, No. 1861, p.341c l.23-p.342a 1.18), a fragment numbered SI Kr. I, 12 and it consists of 44 lines. The Chinese original text was written by 基Ji (A.D. 632-682), who was a pupil of 玄奘 Xuan zang. This Chinese text has a content presenting the major doctrines of the 法相 Fa xiang Sect in a systematic fashion. The content of the Uighur fragment corresponds to 釈名字 Shi ming zi, the third one of the five "sub-teachings" explaining 法処色義林 Fa chu se yi lin, which belongs to the twenty-third "teaching" in the fifth of the complete seven volumes. In the 釈名字, five sorts of 法処所摂色 Fa chu suo she se are explained. The Uighur Buddhist terms are very difficult to understand, and most of them are common to those in the Uighur version of Abhidharmakośabhāsya-tīkā Tattvārthā. The second one consists of three fragments, the contents of which are Chinese 礼懺文 li chan wen ("paying homage and confession of sins") transcribed in Uighur script. The Kr. IV 276 and the Kr. I 125 of the three almost overlap each other in their content and it is to be noted that the contents are partly same as the U5335 which is a manuscript preserved at the Turfan Collection in Berlin. The 2Kr.45 is a small fragment containing Chinese 無常偈 wu chang ji , 如来涅槃偈 ru lai nie pan ji and 処世界梵 chu shi jie fan transcribed in Uighur script. The phonological system reconstructed through these Chinese texts which are transcribed in Uighur script is almost the same as the system used in Chinese 真実名経 zhen shi ming jing or 四分律比丘戒本 si fen lü bi qiu jie ben which are also transcribed in Uighur script and used the phonological system presumed to be the Uighur-inherited pronunciation of Chinese characters that we have already proposed (see Shōgaio 1995, 1997). The third one is a fragment numbered 4bKr.14 which includes Chinese characters and 10 lines of Uighur text. These Chinese characters are those found in the original 天地八陽神呪経 tian di ba yang shen zhou jing and in "notes on difficult characters for pronunciation" attached to them. The notes are presented by 直音 zhi yin, 反切 fan qie, and sometimes by the Uighur script. We can recognize that the Chinese pronunciation used in these notes is also in the Uighur-inherited pronunciation of Chinese at that time. Probably, Chinese 天地八陽神呪経 might be recited in this way by the Uighur monks. The lines of Uighur that preceded these Chinese characters make mention of "the nine evil deeds" and the content is similar to that of Türkische Turfan-Texte IV A (p.436-437 ll.42-52).