現代韓国語のアスペクト形式〈-ko iss-〉の意味分析 : 日本語の「-ている」との比較の観点から

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the aspectual forms in Korean and Japanese. These are '-ko iss- ', '-e iss- ', in Korean, and '-te iru' in Japanese. Fundamentally '-ko iss- ' and '-te iru ' express durative meaning, that is, the duration of action, and of a resultant state. However, the two forms behave differently when attached to 'state-change verbs'. In this paper, we will discuss these differences. '-ko iss-', '-e iss-' and '-te iru' forms which express partial aspect share similar meaning, except when they are used with 'state-change verbs'. 'State-change verbs' must be differentiated into intransitive and transitive verbs, because in Korean these two aspect forms behave differently depending on the type of the verb they attach to. First, we examine the case of resultant state meaning. In Japanese, '-te iru' can be attached to verbs irrespective of their transitivity in expressing this meaning (cf. (doa-wo) akeru, (doa-ga) aku). In contrast, in Korean, transitive verbs are followed by '-ko iss-' to express the resultant state, while for intransitive verbs '-e iss- ' is used. Next we consider adverb modification : 'verb + -ko iss-' can co-occur with both adverbs modifying manners and adverbs modifying resultant state, whereas 'verb + -e iss-' co-occurs only with the latter. The Japanese 'verb + -te iru' construction can express a progressive event, a resultant state of event, and so-called "perfect" meaning. The Korean '-ko iss-', however, expresses only the first two meanings, and cannot have the "perfect" meaning.