談話管理理論からみた「じゃない(か)」の基本的性質

Abstract

This paper provides an analysis on the basic properties of the non-inferential sentence final form ~ janai(ka) based on the notion of knowledge state. Within the frame of Discourse Management Theory (Takubo and Kinsui 1996, Takubo 2006), linguistic expressions can be classified into two types according to the knowledge that they represent : (a) knowledge obtained through one's own experience (proposition in D-domain) and (b) knowledge obtained through hearsay or by inference (proposition in I-domain). This paper concludes the basic properties of ~ janai(ka) are as follows. (i) ~ janai(ka) expresses the transition of the speaker's knowledge into the Ddomain. This transition can be devided into 2 types depending on the source of information. In type 1, the knowledge is the speaker's past experience that is transferred from her memory database. While in type 2, the knowledge is obtained deictically (newly and directly) via perception. (ii) ~ janai(ka) can only be used to represent a state of affairs which has been already recognized by the speaker. It cannot be used in cases where the occurrence of the relevant state of affairs has yet to be settled at speech time. (iii) The transition of the speaker's knowledge state expressed by ~ janai(ka) relates to the speaker's awareness of the possibilities relating to the proposition at hand. In type 1, the speaker recalls the appropriate proposition from memory and rewrites it into a linguistic expression. In type 2, ~ janai(ka) is used when the speaker has knowledge of which possibilities are true (or appropriate) at speech time.