On the Ground Deformation and Phenomena Forerunning Natural Disasters (Earthquake, Rock-falling and Landslide)

Abstract

By observing crustal deformation in underground galleries and ground deformation at the landslide zone using extensometers and tiltmeters, before the occurrence of an earthquake, rock-falling or landslide, some peculiar changes of ground-strain and ground-tilt which may be regarded as these forerunning phenomena were observed. When sufficient data for these forerunning phenomena are detected and any pattern between the forerunning phenomena and the occurrence of the disasters is found, it will be of definite help in predicting such disasters. In this paper some examples of peculiar changes in ground-strain and ground-tilt observed before the occurrence of a great earthquake, a rock-falling and a landslide are examined along with some geophysical investigations on landslide.