南宋初期の王安石評價について

Abstract

The Southern Sung government is said to have been dominated by sympathizers of the 0ld Law Party 舊法黨. This generalization, however, needs to be re-examined. For one thing, it was in 1241, only forty years before the fall of Southern Sung, that Wang An-shih was deprived of his place in the Confucian temple 孔子廟 of the Imperial Academy 太學. Being enshrined in the Confucian temple was an honour reserved exclusively for those considered as orthodox followers of Confucius. Despite repeated attempts, for example, it took more than a hundred years to have scholars of the tao-hsueh 道學 school, such as the Ch'eng 程 Brothers, so honoured. What significance, then, could we draw from this fact? In order to legitimize his accession to the throne, Kao-tzung 高宗 was compelled to change the image of Empress Hsuan-jen 宣仁皇后, villified by the New Law Party 新法黨. The revision of the veritable records 實錄 of Shen-tzung 神宗 and Che-tzung 哲宗was ordered to serve this purpose, and the people worked on the task were, by and large, followers of the Ch'eng Brothers, with Chao Ting 趙鼎 as the central figure, Fervent critics of Wang, they based the revision on their conviction. Around the same time, Wang was stripped of the princely title, and his mortuary tablet was removed from the temple of Shen-tzung. The anti-Wang campaign, thus, seemingly took a form root in the Southern Sung court. The situation, however, went through a radical shift once Ch'in K'uei 秦檜 came to power. As officials of the Ch'eng school, who advocated continued war with the Chin 金 were purged, criticism against Wang too subsided. Moreover, Ch'in was reportedly a great admirer of Wang. When the Imperial Academy was re-established, it was probably through his influence that Wang was enshrined in the Confucian temple. The rehabilitation of Wang was carried on on the nationwidescale thereafter, while the Ch'eng school was continued to be treated coldly at the court. In short, Cheng school's criticism of Wang An-shih put it in the position opposing the pragmatic bureaucracy. As a consequence, it seemed to have lost all power to lead the real politics. The enshrining of Wang in the Confucian temple symbolizes this development.