強風災害と耐風設計

Abstract

伊勢湾台風による強風被害調査をはじめとして，過去50年以上にわたって京都大学防災研究所で行われた強風被害調査を概観し，強風被害の実態と変遷を調べるとともに，強風被害から明らかにされた教訓を，構造物の耐風設計との関連において検討した。また，竜巻などの小規模擾乱による強風被害と台風による強風被害を比較し，小規模擾乱における耐風対策について検討した。また，強風による人的被害を防ぐための心得を示した。

The investigations of damage induced by strong wind like typhoon, tornado and other local severe storms which have been carried out by the wind research group in DPRI since 1960's, are reviewed in the paper. A lot of lessons can be extracted from the investigation to improve wind resistant design of houses and buildings. Most vulnerable part of houses to wind is a roof and claddings. As more than half of damage of window and doors are induced by flying debris, it is very important to protect wind glasses from the flying debris by shutter or other measure e.g. use of laminated glass. Most of accident to peoples happens outdoor, so it is safe for us to stay in a house and a building when typhoon or tornado is approaching. Ten lessons and seven directions to be safe in strong wind are given in the paper.