ベトナム、黒タイの「亀の甲」型の家

Abstract

本稿は, ベトナム西北地方の黒タイ村落で行われたフィールドワークに基づく記録である. 従来の民族誌は, しばしば黒タイの「亀の甲」型家屋を黒タイの伝統的家屋として記述してきた. しかし, 近年, もはや黒タイ村落で亀の甲型家屋を見ることはできなくなった. 本稿では, 1990 年代後半の「亀の甲」型家屋の解体と, 新しい形態の高床家屋の建築に焦点を当てる. そこから, 住まい方, 建築の技法の変化, 情報化, 資源へのアクセスなど, さまざまな要因によって, 家屋をめぐる伝統が, ずっと変化してきたことを示す.

This paper is a report based on the fieldwork I have been conducting at a Tai Dam village in Northwestern Vietnam since 1997. With regard to this village, the written records of former ethnographers often mention that the houses of the village inhabitants were shaped like turtle shells (huon tup cong) in keeping with their ethnic traditional material culture. The purpose of this paper is to describe their traditional houses and to consider the change in their traditions as reflected by the architecture of these houses. In this paper, I first describe the demolition, toward the end of the 90s decade, of the last of the traditional houses shaped like turtle shells. Thereafter, I shift my focus onto the construction of the new type of stilt houses (huon tup dat). Next, I demonstrate how the traditional Tai Dam houses have continuously undergone change in accordance with certain factors, such as alterations in the way of life of the villagers, in the architectural techniques they employed, in their external social and cultural influences, and in their access to building materials.