古代アンデス文化における自然観とその変化の一事例 : ペルー・ワウラ谷下流域出土の土器に描かれるイコノグラフィーの分析から

Abstract

中央アンデス海岸地域にあるワウラ谷下流域で出土した紀元後8世紀から10世紀の土器様式に描かれるイコノグラフィーの変遷を素描することで, 後8世紀には野生動物と栽培植物(トウモロコシ)と人物などの表現が中心であったが, やがて幾何学文にカエル, ネコ科動物の図像が付属的に組み合わさるようになり, 後11世紀以降には, 野生動物だけでなく, ラクダ科動物, 人の身体的特徴・変形, 植物の表現が豊かになっていく過程があることが想定できるようになった. この変遷には, 自然観の変化も読み取ることができる.

We analyze the local iconography of the ceramic styles used from the 8th to 10th century A.D, in the lower valley of Huarua, Peru. Our objective is to outline the process of change observed in the representations of the environment in pottery. Huaura is one of the Andean locations which were influenced by the process of expansion and collapse of the Huari Culture. The sample of the study was taken from 2094 vessels from different museums of Lima, Peru. In this study, the iconographic concept comprised drawings and sculpture representations. Finally, we define three main phases of change. In the first phase, wild animals, domesticated plants (corn), and anthropomorphic figures were the main representations in pottery. In the second phase, a frog and/or a feline family are attached to a main iconometric geometrical design. And in the third phase, after the tenth century, a camelid, deformed anthropomorphical figures, and a richer diversity of plants are observed. Through these phases we can read the changes in the notion of environment.