地ごしらえおよび植付作業の能率に関する研究

Abstract

本研究は, 地ごしらえ, 植付, 下刈, つる切, 除伐, 枝打, 間伐等の造林諸作業の投下量および功程, 雪害による損傷, 得られる生長量およびその経済的価値が樹令とともにどのように変わっていくかをみることを目的とした一連の造林保育関係の研究である。本報告は, その第1歩として, 地ごしらえ作業, 植付作業 (秋植の分) について, 1966年9月芦生演習林において, 演習林に従事する2つの組, 芦生組, 生杉組 (各組5名宛) を対象として行なった, 功程分析および各作業組についての従業員態度調査による小集団社会学的調査の結果である。その結果はつぎのとおりである。1) 地ごしらえ作業については, 組差が能率に影響しているようである。2) 植付作業については, 植栽密度と貫入抵抗 (地面の堅さ) が能率に影響しているようである。また, このほか作業者の疲労現象については, 各組の間では芦生組に多く現われ, 生杉組にはあまりその徴候はみられなかった。そして, その起る原因は, 貫入抵抗が大いに影響しているように推察できる。3) 従業員態度の調査については, i) 職場における一般的な従業員態度は, 各地区とも賃金に対する態度を除いては一応現状に満足しているようである。また, 演習林へ出役することに対する従業員の是認位置―否認の度合は, 仲間側, 演習林側, および自分自身別にみると, 芦生地区と生杉地区とでは大きな差異がみとめられた。ii) 現場監督の演習林職員に対する従業員態度は, 芦生, 生杉両地区間の差異ははっきりとみとめられたが, 両地区とも現場監督としての演習林職員に対して課題遂行的リーダーであるとも, 人間関係中心的リーダーであるとも認知していないようである。iii) 大学演習林の作業全体に対する安全意識については, 安全意識を集団の規範構造として表わした場合, 芦生, 生杉地区の間には大きな差異があることが明らかになった。

What density of the planting is the best is our purpose of the study. In Yoshino district, they plant 10, 000 trees (Sugi) per hectare, and on the other hand, they plant ordinarily 2, 500 ~ 2, 700 seedlings (Sugi) per hectare in Ashu district where there is one of Kyoto University Forest. If high density planting is adopted, the cost of platning work and purchasing seedlings incr eases, but the forest can get closed comparatively early and the cost of weeding must be decreased. And on the other hand, if low density is taken, though the former cost is decreased, the latter increases because we have to take care of it for longer period. To investigate the problem, we must observe and analyze total labour nescessary for planting and aftercaring, damage by snow or other weather conditions, the amount of production of volume and value and so on. As the first step of the study, in 1966, we set 32 experimental plots (31.6m×31.6m square form) in Ashu Forest of Kyoto University, and performed time study on land preparation work of 8 plots and on planting work of 16 plots (planting in fall season by experimental schedule, and the other 16 are expected in the next spring). And we also investigated about the charactors and the abilities of two work groups (5 men for each), by methods of group dynamics. The one was from Ashu district and the other from the adjacent village Oisugi in Shiga prefecture. The two are only groups constantly working for reforesting in Ashu Forest. This report is about those results. 1) The working ability in time of the two groups slightly differed only in land preparationwork. 2) By the planting work, the density of planting and the hardness of soil were recognized to affect the amount of work in area significantly. And the motions of fatigue of Ashu group were recognized more frequently than Oisugi group. 3) By group dynamic investigation, a) We discovered almost all the members of the two groups were feeling, to some extent, satisfactions for the circumstances they were except about payment. Some large difference of the expectations of workers for the extent of approval of the team-mate, the employer, or himself for his team-mate's being absent was recognized between the two groups, Ashu and Oisugi. b) It was seemed that any member of the two groups was not recognizing the site overseers, who were the staffs of Kyoto University Forest, as leaders of type accomplishing work, nor as of type keeping human relations good. c) It was also understood that the informal group standards about the consciousness of safety of the two groups for working in Kyoto University Forest were fairly different.