上伊那地方における林野利用の史的研究 : その2 手良沢山をめぐる「内山」争い

Abstract

幕藩体制下の手良郷は, 幕府領の榑木成村であったが, 用材林はなく, 田畑の肥料源としての林野利用を中心にしていた。林野所持の形態は, 6ヵ村入会地の他に, 持分化した「内山」があった。この持分化は, 持主による優先的な利用と林野の売渡しや質入を認めるものではあったが, 必ずしも排他的な利用ではなく, 夏以後, 秣草などの入会的な利用を許してきた。手良郷では, 持分化された林野への入会の権利をめぐって様々な論争が展開される。

1. Though the Tera villages are included to the famous forestry region Ina (Nagano Prefecture), their inhabitants used the forest lands generally as the grass cutting area. In Tokugawa era they were governed directly by Shogunate. 2. Concerning to the forest lands around the Tera villages, we can find two types of ownership. Some lands were commonly owned and used (so-called Iriai) by six communities, three of which belonged to the Tera villages, and the rest elsewhere. Other lands named Uchiyama were privately possessed, but the proprietorship was not exclusive, for the village inhabitants could cut the grass based on their right of common only after summer. 3. According to the analysis of the ancient documents, I have introduced an event, where two communities tried to exclude the common use of another community. From the documents we can see that the right of common upon Uchiyama was in fact authorized by the governer. 4. I have noted another event, where a community wanted to restore the privately possessed parcels, which had been once sold over from the village inhabitants to an absentee landowner, and appealed to the court. It means that the ownership of the forest land was not absolute, and sometimes might be controlled by the community.