天然林における Agaricales の菌類社会学的研究 (I) : 5斜面の植生と Agaricales の主要な属について

Abstract

今報告では5斜面の植生を外生菌根を有する樹種と関連させて検討し, さらに高等菌類の中で出現率の高い主要な属を抽出する作業を試みた。1) 5斜面の各天然林は暖帯から温帯への移行帯に位置し外生菌根を有する樹種 (ウラジロガシ, ブナ, ミズナラ, ミズメなど) と混交率の高いスギが菌類相に大きく影響しているようである。2) 各斜面を通じて見られる Agaricales の主要な属は3群計17属であった。腐朽菌群9属 : Mycena, Marasmius, Collybia, Galerina, Marasmiellus, Pseudohiatula, Oudemansiella, Crepidotus, Tricholomopsis 菌根菌群5属 : Russula, Lactarius, Laccaria, Amanita, Cortinarius 菌根菌, 腐朽菌, 腐朽能力を有する菌根菌らを含めた一群3属 : Rhodophyllus, Lepiota, Hrgrophorus

In this paper, I discussed on the distribution and frequency of fruit-bodies of the higher fungi connected with the tree species and site conditions. The investigations were conducted at matured natural forests in Kyoto university forest at Ashu, located on the northern part of Kyoto pref., where the mean annual temperature was 13.1℃ and annual precipitation was 2514 mm. The studied plots were set up on 5 slopes (I~V) ranging from 410 m to 770 m in elevation. Each slope was divided into three parts along slope: The upper (A), the middle (B) and the lower (C). Therefore 15 plots were set up, and the area of a plot was 500 m2. The measurements of number of fruit-body for each species were carried out periodically from June to October throughout 2 years. The number of measurement was 14 in 1977 and 17 in 1978. The number of tree species which were dominant in these plots would be able to be assumed as ectomycorrhizal associations were 12, such as Quercus salicina, Fagus crenata, Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, Betura grossa, etc. In many plots, Cryptomeria japonica mixed with deciduous broad-leaved trees and the rate of mixture of this tree species would be largely influenced on the flora of the higher fungi. Main Genera in Agaricales of the higher fungi collected in these slopes were 17. They were classified into the following three groups. Saprophytic group; Mycena, Marasmius, Collybia, Marasmiellus, Pseudohiatula, Oudemansiella, Crepidotus and Tricholomopsis. Mycorrhizal group; Russula, Lactarius, Laccaria, Amanita and Cortinarius. Group of Genera included mycorrhizal type, saprophytic type and mycorrhizal type with saprophytic activity; Rhodophyllus, Lepiota and Hygrophorus.