<論文>S・フロイトによる「性本能」概念の解体 : 精神分析におけるセクシュアリティー

Abstract

This article is a reappraisal of the psychoanalytic theory of sexuality. It is commonly held that Freud's main contribution to the study of human sexuality lies in its focus on the non-reproductive sexual behaviors. But the psychiatrists and sexologist before Freud were already well aware of "perverse" sexualities. Arguing against the above view, this article tries to elucidate the radical break between psychoanalysis and 19th-century psychiatry regarding sexuality. We start from Foucault's insightful analysis of the construction of "sexual instinct" in 19th-century psychiatry; "the twin theory of instinct and sexuality" developed as the epistemologico-political task of psychiatry. Foucault examined how this "unification" of instinct and sexuality was brought about from around 1840-50. Focusing on the relationship of instinct and sexuality, we compare Freud's psychoanalysis with this contemporaneous formation of the sexual instinct in psychiatry. Critically examining preceding studies about the terminological distinction of Trieb (drive) and Instinkt (instinct) in Freud's texts, we will show that Freud's conceptualization about instinct and sexuality has evolved within a totally different framework from the sexological unification of the two. The key to the understanding of Freud's drive theory lies in his argument about anxiety. Sexuality, in the proper sense of the word in Freud's terminology, functions as a substitute for the instincts which constitutionally a human being largely or completely lacks.