騎馬鷹狩文化の起源を求めて -アルタイ山脈に暮らすカザフ遊牧民とイーグルハンターの民族誌- (特集3: 雲南懇話会からの寄稿)

Abstract

Traditional horse-riding falconry has been still practice at a community of Altaic Kazakhs in BayanÖlgii Province in western Mongolia. However, eagle masters are now declining its population as well as traditional art and knowledge for taming and hunting due to massive cultural alteration by tourism. This research discusses vulnerability and resilience of preservation for Altaic Kazakh eagle falconry with reference to research result of ethnography and current social survey, cultural sustainability from long-term fieldwork. Eventually, cultural sustainability of Altaic Kazakh falconry needs to be supported from the angles of three theoretical frameworks; (1) Cultural affairs for protection based on the concept of nature-guardianship in its cultural domain, (2) Sustainable development and improvement of animal herding productivity and herder’s livelihood, (3) Natural resource management, especially supporting the population of Golden Eagles, their potential prey animals, and their nesting environment. The series of these sustaining procedures defines that eagle falconry is a hybrid culture which would not preserved only human actions, but also maintenance of animal herding livelihood as crucial social context.