<特集論文 1>虐殺以後の家系記録 -- 台湾2・28事件にまつわる南西諸島出身の行方不明者の事例から

Abstract

本稿の目的は、台湾2・28事件にまつわる外国籍の行方不明者の家系記録を手掛かりにして、遺族が、彼らの社会的・文化的な意味づけを通してどのように近親者が経験した暴力とその記憶を表現してきたかを考察することにある。そのため、血縁レベルにおいて行われてきた行方不明の意味づけの実例として、フィールド調査で収集した家系記録(とくに、位牌と厨子甕)について検討する。それに加えて、2種類の家系記録と他の公的資料との比較も試みる。本稿では、これらの媒体を、「一族の歴史叙述」にとどまらず、死後処理の一環として、私的領域において遺族によって書き続けられてきた行方不明の意味づけという観点から読み取りたい。そこで確認される行方不明についての書き方や記録の相違と一致から、近親者の行方不明にこだわりつつも自らの生を生き、さらに子孫たちの未来までも念頭におかなければならなかった、人々の生活戦略の実相が明らかになる、と考えるからである。分析の結果、近親者の行方不明の意味づけという実践は、すでに数十年にかけて彼／彼女たちのローカルな場において行われてきたことが分かる。遺族が記してきた近親者の行方不明に関する記録や記述からは、公式な歴史記録からは知ることの難しい死後処理上の工夫や知恵も読み取ることができる。また、そのような記録の行間を読み解くことは国家が排他的に占有してきた死の意味を相対化する可能性を示唆する。

This paper's aim is in taking the family records of missing foreigners related to the 2/28 incident in Taiwan as a clue to consider how the violence experienced by their close relatives and survivors and the memory of that violence has been expressed, through their social and cultural implications. In other words, by studying the records written on the mortuary tablet and cinerary urn collected through field research, how they narrated the missing of the victims within the genealogical records is reviewed in this paper. This thesis focuses on understanding those mediums of the mortuary tablet (ihai) and cinerary urn (zusigame) from the perspective of identifying the meaning of 'the missing persons' described by the bereaved families in the private domain as a process occurring after the affair and beyond a historical presentation of a single family. It is because that through the difference of how they document the missing people and the discord or concord of them found in the family-line records, the reality of the life strategy of the bereaved families can be explained, namely how they have been considering the meaning of the absence of the victims, living their own life struggling with this issue, and furthermore keeping the future of their descendants in mind. In the result of this analysis, it turns out that the identifying of the missing victims by the bereaved families has already been carried out for several decades in their everyday life. The records regarding these missing people written by the bereaved families contain the wisdom of those families who got left behind, which can hardly be known from government documents, the official historical records. Therefore, interpreting the hidden meaning of those records will reveal implications of the possibility of relativizing the meaning of death that exclusively has been defined by the national authority.