金朝の外交制度と高麗使節 : 一二〇四年賀正使節行程の復元試案

Abstract

In this article I examined the diplomatic embassies between Koryo Korea and the Jin dynasty with the purpose of revealing new aspects of the diplomatic system in Northeast Asia during the 12th-13th century. I paid special attention to documents composed by Kim Kuk-ki 金克己 during his travel from Koryo to Jin as member of the New Year's embassy to the Jin court in 1204. To analyze these texts, I first consulted historical sources concerning the court ceremonies of the Jin dynasty and travel accounts to Jin written by Song Chinese, in order to understand the system of diplomatic ceremonies and protocol in Jin. Then, I reconstructed the route of the Korean embassy to Jin based on the information from these sources. In Part One, I briefly summarized the historical relationship between Koryo and Jin, looking at the questions : what kinds of embassies and how many embassies were sent between these two countries? Next, in Part Two, I reconstructed the route between Kaegyong 開京 in Koryo and the capital of Jin based on the texts composed by Kim Kuk-ki, travel records made by other Korean embassies to Jin, and travel records to Jin written by Song Chinese. I also drew a map of this travel route based on these results. Further, I also investigated the schedule of the Korean embassy in the Jin capital by comparing it with the schedule of the Song and Xixia embassies during their stays in the Jin capital. For that purpose, I first analyzed sources on diplomatic protocol in Jin and travel records of Song Chinese to Jin, and revealed the schedule and diplomatic protocol applied to foreign embassies by the Jin court in general. By comparing the texts of Kim Kuk-ki with the information from these sources, I drew a picture of the activities of diplomatic embassies from Song, Koryo and Xixia in the Jin capital, and clarified the differences and hierarchy in the treatment toward these three countries by Jin. The Korean embassy to Jin in 1204, which is the main topic in this article, is one of the earliest embassies sent from the Korean peninsula to a Chinese dynasty as an official embassy to Yanjing (yonhaengsa 燕行使). In the later centuries, during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty embassies were frequently sent to Yanjing, with the purpose of diplomatic negotiations, trade and cultural interaction. These activities exerted great influence on society on the Korean peninsula. As a further research topic, I would like to examine the importance of embassies during the Jin period in the context of the history of Sino-Korean diplomatic relations.