<雲南懇話会からの寄稿>栽培ソバの野生祖先種を求めて --栽培ソバは中国西南部三江地域で起原した--

Abstract

The original birthplace of cultivated buckwheat was revealed to be the Sanjiang region of Sichuan- Yunnan-Tibet border area by surveying the wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale Ohnishi and analyzing genetic relationships between the natural populations of the wild ancestor and cultivated populations of common buckwheat. The wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat is shown to be growing only in southwest corner of China, a west part of Sichuan province, a northwest corner of Yunnan province and a southern part of East Tibet. It is shown by molecular genetic analyses that the natural populations of the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region are the most closely related with cultivated common buckwheat. This closely relatedness is shown not to be due to recent hybridization between the wild ancestor and cultivated buckwheat, rather it is due to the fact that cultivated buckwheat was originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. As a conclusion, cultivated buckwheat is originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. This immediately negates the de Candoll's hypothesis on the origin of cultivated buckwheat which says that cultivated buckwheat was originated in Siberia or in the Amur river basin of northeastern part of China.