<研究ノート>学習者中心の学級づくりに向けた特別活動と学級経営に関する予備的考察 --「ヨコ」と「ナナメ」の関係の質を高める「ピア」活動を手がかりに--

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to examine peer activities in the context of student-student relationships as a preliminary step to address the future direction of classroom management that leads to learner-centered classroom building. First, the direction of the revision of the new Course of Study, especially special activities and classroom management, was summarized. Second, three types of peer activities (peer support, peer group mentoring and peer mediation) were presented and discussed in relation to the competencies and capabilities of students which were presented by the new Course of Study. Third, systematizing the efforts on supporting fellow students was examined from the perspective of horizontal and diagonal relationships. The results indicated that (1) there is a possibility in horizontal relationships which is different from power-related interactions such as top-down relationships, to share interests and feelings with fellow students from the same perspective, and develop relationships where students are able to have meaningful conversations and consult their problems; (2) it can be expected to improve students' problem-solving competencies through constructing mechanisms that support relationships with "diagonal" peers who are a little older and have more experience as well as have a sense of affinity, but still keep an appropriate distance than "horizontal" peers.