<論説>エーゲ化文化圏 : クレタ・ミケネ・ギリシア文明

Abstract

クレタ、ミケネ、ギリシア人の美術はその世界観に基づくとの立場から、その様式の決定を考えるとともに、彼らが原住地からエーゲ世界に来住して自己の美術を確立するまでに二、三百年を要したことに注目して、この自然の下での自然観と生活様式との作用によって、様式が定立する。即ち(1)生命を動的なものとみる、(2)世界には限界があるとの観念、(3)オリエント文化の衝撃をあげて、これらの作用を「エーゲ化」とよびたい。この作用によってクレタ美術はオリエント系の自然崇拝から独自の自然主義と動性を特性とし、英雄時代なるミケネの美術は元来の印欧系信仰との混淆のもとに抽象性、人間存在の生命力、人間的美学にふみだす。ギリシア美術は擬人的神観のもとに人間の立場からの自然主義、人間的美学としてのシンメトリアを自覚し発展さすのだ。これら三美術は独自性をもちながら「エーゲ化」の産物として一括できる。

It has been argued that the forms of the Cretan, the Mycenaean and the Greek arts are characterized by each of their world views originally they had. But in the same time, their arts were influenced through the life style and the nature view formed under the Aegean natural conditions, because they spent even a few hundred years to establish their own art style after they had settled down in the Aegean World. So I would like to say there are three moments of "Aegeanization": (1) the awareness that life is movement (2) the conception that the world is limited, (3) the impact of the orient culture. Owing to these moments of Aegeanization, the Cretan art had a unique character of naturalism and fluency different from that of the oriental nature worship. Then the Mycenaean art obtained the abstractness, the vigorous and humanistic aeshetics, mixing their original Indo-European worship and the Cretan art. Finally the Greek art developed the human naturalism and the symmetria under the view of Anthropophoism. Although having each originality, these three arts are in common the products of Aegeanization.