<論説>南詔国後半期の対外遠征と国家構造

Abstract

本稿は南詔国後半期(七九四－九〇二) の唐との関係の検討を通じて、これまで不明の点が多かった南詔国の対外遠征の動機、および歴史的背景を明らかにし、ひるがえって南詔国の国家構造、および後半期におけるその変化について考察するものである。南詔国は王族蒙氏を含む有力氏族の一種の連合政権であり、その中で唐との関係、すなわち南詔王への冊封、および吐蕃に対する共同作戦から得られる利益が蒙氏の優位を支えていた。しかし吐蕃の衰退により、九世紀中葉にはこの関係は破綻した。南詔国は唐の領域へ大規模な侵攻を行ったが、それは冊封を拒否した唐の行為への抵抗であると同時に、帝号を称して唐と対等の関係を結ぼうとする南詔王の示威行動でもあった。また、ヴェトナム北部への侵攻に際しては東部の昆明盆地を根拠とする有力氏族の成長をうかがうことができる。対外遠征の終息後、九世紀の末には南詔王の権威は低下し、昆明盆地の勢力を中心に雲南地方内の秩序は再編されつつあった。

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations of the Nanzhao kingdom with Tang China in the latter half of the 9th century especially, the motives and historical surroundings of Nanzhao's invasion of Sichuan and Annan in this period. In the Nanzhao kingdom, the ruling clans including the royal family formed a kind of coalition government. It was the' close relationship with Tang China that supported the predominance of the Nanzhao king 南詔王 in the form of the profits from the tribute-trade and those of the combined operations against Tufan 吐蕃 (Tibet). Tang China had to give serious consideration to its relations with Nanzhao for the sake of being able to restrain Tufan. In the middle of the 9th century however, the decline of Tufan made these relations meaningless. Nanzhao invaded the territory of Tang China. This was as well a protest against Tang China which had refused to preserve the alliance as it was a demonstration of power by the Nanzhao king, who presented himself as an Emperor and internded to form an equal relationship with Tang China. On the other hand, the invation of Annan shows the growth of the domonant clan in the Kunming basin 昆明盆地. After the military expeditions had ended at the close of the 9th century, the authority of the Nanzhao king declined and the social structure in the Yunnan region was reorganized under the main influence of forces in the Kunming basin.