<論説>一九世紀丹後宮津藩の藩政と漁場利用関係

Abstract

丹後宮津城下には、旧領主によって地先漁場における「特権漁業」の権利を下付されたという由緒をもつ漁師(宮津町漁師) が存在した。本稿は、一九世紀における宮津藩の漁政と、「特権漁業」後退との関係を明らかにしている。当該期宮津藩による在方漁師間の地先漁場争論の解決方法の特質は、地先漁場を「家前」とそれ以外に区分し、地元村に「備前」漁場での優先権を保障することである。また、宮津町漁師と在方漁師との争論に際しては、前者に対しては「本業」、後者に対しては「家前」を理由に、漁場利用関係の秩序付けを行っている。宮津町漁師は藩による「本業」という自町漁業の位置づけを利用し、在方漁師の漁業を「余業」と位置づけることによって、自町に有利となる要求を行うが、郡奉行によって却下される。幕藩領主による漁業の位置づけと、漁師間の漁場利用関係とは、密接に関係していたといえる。

It is known that there were certain fishermen who enjoyed the prerogative to fish in the Miyazu domain during the Edo period. The old Lord in the early Edo period had granted them wide fishing rights at sea extending to the domain. This territory was called ''Jisaki-Gyojo" . They lived in Miyazu City, but many other fishermen lived in villages. From the middle of the 18th century, fishing arguments had increased. Then in the 19th century, the Miyazu Lord made a rule for the village fishermen, so that each village had to make sure of their fishing rights in "Iemae-Gyojo" which was part of "Jisaki-Gyojo". This word referred to the fishing grounds right in front of their houses. On the other hand, the Lord settled an argument about fishing territories between city and village fishermen by setting the standard whether or not a person was a professional fisherman. The Lord regarded city fishermen as professional. But ultimately, the city fishermen could fish in smaller territories. When the city fishermen were denied their fishing rights, they tried to supress village fishermen's rights. They argued that the main occupation of the village fishermen was farming. But the administrators (Kori-Bugyos) refused their cry, because they insisted that fishing should be "Hongyo" for not only the city fishermen but the village fishermen as well. Thus the utilization of fishing territories changed.