<研究ノート>中世チェコにおける王国共同体概念 : 『ダリミル年代記』の検討を中心に

Abstract

Even though Czech historians have used the word "community" (共同体obec) to describe the structure of medieval Czech politics and society, they have not yet explained precisely what this term means. Some have referred to an "aristocratic community, " to justify how St. Vaclav, the patron saint of the Czech lands, possessed greater power than the Czech kings; while others have used the notion of "landed community, " or the notion of the Czech people banded together in order to resist the "colonizing" Germans. This study aims to clarify the meaning of the term "community" in its original contexts through analysis of the fourteenth-century Dalimil Chronicle, and to show how this notion proves crucial in allowing for an understanding of Czech society from the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries. Furthermore, a comparison of this Czech concept of community with the one exposited by S. Reynolds as a fundamental principle umderpinning medieval European society reveals the uniqueness of this Czech concept of "community".