<論説>「仿製」三角縁神獣鏡の生産とその展開

Abstract

本稿では、「仿製」三角縁神獣鏡を対象に、銅鏡の研究ではほとんど着目されていない形態的特徴の異同から、その生産と展開について考察を試みた。まず、鏡にみる形態の共通現象が規格と強く結びついていることを示し、そうした規格が鏡の製作時にイメージあるいは決定される規範のあり方をも反映している可能性が高いと考えた。規格という点に着目したことで、「仿製」三角縁神獣鏡の製作動向をより具体的に論じることが可能となり、類型的と評価されてきた「仿製」三角縁神獣鏡の生産に製作者ないしは製作者集団を異にする複数の系統が関与していたこと、併行して一定の規格に基づいた鏡群を生産していたことを明らかにした。そして、舶載三角縁神獣鏡から「仿製」三角縁神獣鏡への移行が系統的なつながりのある型式学的な変化であるとともに、そこには型式的な差が存在すると述べた。さらに、規格の強弱から生産の画期を見出し、その画期が「仿製」鏡という次元をこえた三角縁神獣鏡金体の枠組みのなかで理解すべきものであると結論づけた。

The author has considered the production and development of "imitations" of standard mirrors with triangular rims and designs of divinities and animals in terms of their form. The following points have been clarified in this article; first, the similarity of forms is related to the existence of the standard, and it is highly probable that the standard reflects the image of the products. Secondly, by focusing on the standard, it became possible to discuss the system of production more concretely. Consequently, it has become clear that two or more producers, or groups of producers, manufactured such "imitative" mirrors and that groups of mirrors that were produced according to differing standards coexisted. Furthermore, the article points out that one group of producers of such "imitative" mirrors with triangular rims and designs of divinities and anirnals was related to the producers of imported mirrors of the same type, but that there were differences in terms of form between the mirrors of the two producers. Finally, the author demonstrates that the period of production can be calculated from the degree of fluctuation from the standard, and that the period should be understood in terms of the framework of all mirrors with triangular rims and designs of divinities and animals, thus going well beyond the plane of the "imitative".