<研究ノート>一三世紀チェコ王権の政策における都市の役割

Abstract

It has been argued that in reaction to the rise and independence of the aristocracy in the 13th century, the Czech monarchy chose the cities as political partners. Nevertheless, although historians concur about the importance of the (418) cities in the reconstitution of the monarchy in this period, they simply offer empty generalizations without concrete examples that would demonstrate how cities might have contributed to the policies of the monarchy. I examine in this paper city charters primarily from the period of Preemysl Otakar II to see what was required by the monarchy in the fields of economics, military and politics and how the cities responded. As a result of this study, it has become clear that the monarchy, as anticipated, expected first of all an economic contribution from the cities, that the cities did not function as defensive fortresses until after the late th century, and that the monarchy had probably not wanted the cities to assume the role of political actors. Additionally, I consider the role of cities as pillars of support for monarchical rule as one reason that monarchs aggressively promoted their construction in place of the crumbling traditional political system. When a city was founded, the monarchy might donate surrounding villages to the city, uniting them legally, administratively and economically. Although examples of such are relatively rare, I have been able to confirm the creation of this type of integrated unit, and point out that it was this unit that formed the new core of the reorganized monarchical domain.