<研究創案ノート>アシュラフ・アリー・ターナヴィーのスーフィズム理解 --倫理・修行実践・形而上学の知識階梯--

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the concept of Sufism according to Ashraf 'Alī Thānavī (1280/1863–1362/1943), an Islamic reformist thinker from the 19th to the 20th century in South Asia. As a Deobandī scholar and a Chishtī Sufi , Thānavī left over 600 works, mostly in Urdū, the topics of which are Qur'anic exegesis, Ḥadīth studies, Islamic jurisprudence, Sufism, and logic. The primary source I deal with in this paper is al-Takashshuf 'an Muhimmāt al-Taṣawwuf (Disclosure about the Important Matters of Sufism), which was completed in 1327/1909. This is an extensive work in which Thānavī's writings on Sufism are combined in one volume. The selection of writings to be included in al-Takashshuf is made on the basis of Thānavī's own decision. In this sense, al-Takashshuf could be essential material for elucidating the most important part of his conception of Sufism. In al-Takashshuf, Thānavī explains some aspects of Sufism, such as ethics, practices, and metaphysics. What he consistently emphasizes here is that every aspect of Sufism is in perfect harmony with Sharī'a (Sacred law). This way of understanding Sufism found in Thānavī's writing is generally called Sharī'a-minded Sufism, which is regarded as one of his main characteristics as a Sufi . Moreover, what distinguishes Thānavī from other Sharī'aminded Sufis is that he considers the completion of knowledge about Sharī'a to be the most important object in the course of Sufi wayfaring (sulūk). For Thānavī, Sharī'a is a comprehensive and supreme system of Islamic norms that should take precedence over any knowledge of Sufism. In conclusion, it can be said that Thānavī strengthened his authority as an Islamic scholar by demonstrating Islamically legitimate Sufism and the absoluteness of Sharī'a in his Sufi work.