1955年以降の桜島南岳活動期の火山災害

Abstract

Eruption with Vulcanian type continued at the summit craters Minamidake and Showa continued since 1955. Volcanic disaster during the eruptive period is summarized. Factors causing disasters are volcanic block, lapilli, ash, air-shock, and debris flow triggered by rain fall. No disaster was induced by pyroclastic flows. Volcanic blocks ejected by 20 explosions reached distances >2.5 km and destroy residential houses and hotels. Lapilli fall broke windows of cars, and such a disaster occurred up to a distance of 20 km (87 events). Air-shocks (>300 Pa) broke windows of houses and buildings (39 events). Debris flow triggered by rain fall frequently occurred after a large amount of volcanic ash deposition.