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タイトル: | Seasonal and gender impacts on fecal exposure trends in an urban slum |
著者: | Chua, Min-Li Ahsan, Md. Nazmul Sakai, Akira Fujii, Shigeo Goto, Shotaro Kodera, Michiya Harada, Hidenori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-7751 (unconfirmed) |
著者名の別形: | 藤井, 滋穂 後藤, 正太郎 古寺, 倫也 原田, 英典 |
キーワード: | children environmental media Escherichia coli fecal exposure assessment quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) |
発行日: | 1-Dec-2021 |
出版者: | IWA Publishing |
誌名: | Journal of Water and Health |
巻: | 19 |
号: | 6 |
開始ページ: | 946 |
終了ページ: | 958 |
抄録: | Seasonal and gender impacts have not been well considered in fecal exposure assessment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the seasonal and gender impacts on fecal exposure trends in children through daily living activities in an urban slum in Bangladesh. We determined Escherichia coli concentrations in seven types of environmental samples (n = 232) and the activity data of children via diary recording, questionnaires, and interview surveys. Daily and monthly exposures were stochastically estimated for drinking, eating, pond bathing, well bathing, and hand-to-mouth contact. Of the five pathways, pond bathing and drinking contributed a large part of the daily and monthly exposure. Significant seasonal differences were observed in daily exposures for bathing, which were higher in the rainy season (2.59 × 10² CFU/day for boys and 6.19 × 10⁻¹ CFU/day for girls) than in the dry season (1.69 × 10²; 4.30 × 10⁻²), because of longer pond bathing time and more contaminated bathing water in the rainy season. In contrast, eating had significantly higher exposure in the dry season (3.71 × 10; 3.22 × 10) than the rainy season (1.50 × 10; 1.24 × 10) due to the higher dish contamination. Significantly higher daily exposure was observed in the bathing for boys than girls, as boys spent longer time for bathing at a heavily contaminated pond. |
著作権等: | © 2021 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/270144 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.2166/wh.2021.111 |
PubMed ID: | 34874902 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
このアイテムは次のライセンスが設定されています: クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンス