第2章 : 友聯社の創立と東南アジアとの出版ネットワーク

Abstract

1950和60年代，香港被捲入以美國為中心的冷戰體系中。而冷戰對香港的影響不限於對其轉口貿易功能的破壞，文化一環也深受影響。本文會以友聯社作為分析對象，以助將來進一步探討冷戰對香港文化方面的影響。友聯社是美國支持的「綠背團體」中最成功的一個。本文根據盧瑋鑾和熊志琴合編的《香港文化眾聲道》訪談集，梳理了該會創立時的情況和創會幹部的特點。創會幹部於1949年前從中國大陸的大學畢業後南下香港，採取明確的反共立場，同時與第三勢力保持密切聯繫。香港出版業在二戰前已視東南亞的華人為圖書業務的市場。友聯社也在1955年發展至新加坡，發行了文藝雜誌《蕉風半月刊》，並辦理《中國學生周報》等友聯出版社的書刊代理業務，後於1958年將辦事處遷往吉隆坡，《蕉風》改在馬來西亞出版。從其創刊的《蕉風》的座談會記事中可見，星馬友聯社將華文文學的發展與馬來亞共產黨支持的「紅背團體」劃清界線，並試圖在剛建國的馬來西亞發展華文文學。

In the 1950s and 1960s, Hong Kong was involved in the structure of the Cold War, with the United States at its center, not only in the economic aspect but also in a cultural sense. This article takes the Union Cultural Organization as the subject of analysis. The Union was one of the most successful of the US-supported ‘greenback groups.’ This article explains the circumstances of the Union's establishment and the characteristics of its founding core members, based on a collection of interviews with Lo Wai Luen and Jean Hung's Xianggang wenhua zhongshengdao (A Kaleidoscope of Hong Kong Culture). The founding core members arrived in Hong Kong in the post-1949 period, were university graduates in mainland China, and adopted a clear anti-Chinese Communist Party stance while maintaining close ties with the Third Force. The Union opened a Singapore office in 1955 and subsequently moved its office to Kuala Lumpur in 1958. In fact, the Hong Kong publishing industry had already made overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia its market for books during the pre-war period. As the articles in the Chaofoon shows, the Union tackled two agendas: localization and competition with the Malayan Communist Party-supported ‘red-back groups.’ In the newly independent Malaysia, the Union searched for a development direction for literature written by Chinese language.