<論文>連絡帳に見る自閉スペクトラム症児の生きる様と周囲他者との関わり

Abstract

本稿は「自閉スペクトラム症児は家庭や保育の場で周囲他者とどのように関わり合って生きているか」をテーマにした関与観察研究の一環として，一人の自閉スペクトラム症児が保育の場に通う3年間の連絡帳を分析したものである．この連絡帳の内容をKJ法に沿って分析し，そこから当該児が家庭及び保育の場で過ごす様子を明らかにすると共に，母や保育者が当該児に対して抱いている様々な正負の思いを明らかにした．さらに，母と保育者が正負の思いを伝え合うことと，当該児の抱く自己感との繋がりを明らかにするために，連絡帳の地の文から〈友達関係〉と〈制止〉に関する9個のエピソードを抽出して考察を加えた．その結果，母や保育者が当該児に向ける正負の思いの中で，互いに支え合って当該児の振る舞いを肯定的に映し返すことが，当該児の自己感が肯定的なトーンをもって推移し，当該児が前向きに生きるための鍵を握ることが明らかになった．そこから，周囲他者の当該児に対する対応の在り方の重要性を確認することができた．

This paper analyzes the three-year contact book of a child with autism spectrum disorder （ASD）, as part of the research on participating observation with the theme “how a child with ASD lives in relation to the people surrounding the child at home and in nursery school.” The contents of the contact book were analyzed using the KJ method to elucidate the time the child spends at home and in nursery school and various positive and negative thoughts held by his mother and nursery teacher toward the child. Moreover, this study intends to establish a connection between the mother and nursery teacher in terms of communicating positive and negative thoughts and a sense of self of the child. Toward this end, the study extracted and analyzed nine episodes related to friendship and restraint situation from the text in the contact book. The result reveals that the mother and nursery teacher supported each other and positively reflected the behavior of the child, based on their positive and negative thoughts toward the child. Furthermore, the sense of self of the child was maintained with a positive tone. The finding clearly indicates that this perspective was key to the positive life of the child. On this basis, the study confirmed the importance of the manner of addressing a child with ASD by the people surrounding the child.